We therefore we multiple the subscript for each element by the number in front. Is kmno4 an acid or base? How many moles of HCl are present in 500 mL of 0.1 M HCl solution? 55 grams of potassium equal to 1 mole of potassium, therefore, 1gram of potassium equals 155mole of potassium. 2% KMnO4solution (a purple solution) is added dropwise and the solution is shaken. Name the . (write down # in each one), Which weighs more, a mole of copper or a mole of gold? It is easiest to start at the top. Calculate the number of moles in 674.65 g of C7HsN3O6. Given 14.05 g of SO 2, how many molecules is this? Given 12 g of aluminum, how many moles do you have? Examples are provided below. A: Click to see the answer. The equations representing oxidation in these media are In acidic medium 2KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4 K 2 SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 3H 2 O + 5 [O] MnO 4- + 8H + + 5e - Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O In neutral or alkaline medium Carbon atoms with weak C-H bonds, such as. Oxidative cleavage of the diol can be carried out more mildly by using IO4 as the oxidant. A: To answer: 1) Modify the given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using NAD+ as. Jefford, Charles W.; Wang, Ying, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (1988), (10), 634-5. Answer: The molar mass of KMnO4 is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound: K (39 g/mol) + Mn (54 g/mol) + 4O (4x16 g/mol) = 158 g/mol. How atoms of oxygen are in C7HsN3O6? . How many moles are in 25.0 grams of KMnO4? set-up. Potassium permanganate has the anion MnO4- in which that is the reason for its strong oxidizing properties. 2 How many oxygen atoms are in 225 g of KMnO4? 16.1201 grams KMnO4 (1 mole KMnO4/158.04 grams)(1 mole Mn/1 mole 11. of all the atoms in the compound: K (39 g/mol) + Mn (54 g/mol) + 4O By performing the necessary multiplications, the calculation is given as Al atoms =2 x1, S atoms = 3 x1 and O atoms = 3 x 4. = 0.102000 moles of manganese atoms coloured solution. Calculate the molar mass of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Guest Jan 14, 2016 5 Answers #1 +5 Best Answer The position directly adjacent to an aromatic group is called the benzylic position. Calculate the molarity of H2C2O4 and KMnO4. It's a word that represents an amount or a number, Which contains more atoms, a mole of copper or a mole of gold? You can view more details on each measurement unit: molecular weight of KMnO4 or mol This compound is also known as Potassium Permanganate. How do you calculate potassium permanganate? Since molecular weight of Oxygen=15.9994g/mol, therefore. If the formula used in calculating molar mass is the molecular formula, the formula weight computed is the molecular weight. Solution for 3. Calculate the molar mass of potassium permanganate (KMn O4). In this case, there are 14 total atoms in one formula unit of (NH 4) 2 CO 3 (two N, eight H, one C and three O). The products that are obtained can vary depending on the conditions, but because KMnO4 is such a strong oxidizing agent, the final products are often carboxylic acids. For example, in H2O we have only one Oxygen atom since there isnt a number after the O.If there is a number in front of the compound (its called a coefficient), like 2H2O that means we have two separate molecules. Molar mass of Potassium dichromate 1 Make use of the chemical formula to determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound. d-Calculate the mass in grams of one calcium atom. Therefore, 40g of KMnO4 contains 5515840, which is equal to 14 grams of potassium. Any number you choose will be correct because you didn't specify how much (NH3)3PO4 you have. ---------------------------------------------------- Outline the steps necessary to answer the question Since one mole of KOH contains one mole of K, the answer is 6.0221023 atoms of K. The answer is 158. Potassium permanganate is an ionic compound consisting of a potassium cation (K+) and permanganate anion (MnO4-). Consider this question: What is the molarity of KMnO4 in a solution of 0.0908g of KMnO4 in 0.500L of solution? Calculate the number of moles of potassium permanganate (KMnO_4) corresponding to 220.0 g of. Treatment of an alkylbenzene with potassium permanganate results in oxidation to give the benzoic acid. How many molecules of sodium are there in NaCl? g/mol = 18 g. Answer: The number of moles of NaOH can be calculated by multiplying the Use this page to learn how to convert between moles Potassium Permanganate and gram. How many atoms of each element are present in KMnO4? x mol Answer to correct significant figures x mol (c) How many milliliters of 10.6 M HCI solution are needed to obtain 0.205 mol of HCI? In general, : an American History (Eric Foner), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. 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Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Exhaustive oxidation of organic molecules by KMnO4 will proceed until the formation of carboxylic acids. Notes: Note that in example 2 the extra carbons are cleaved to give the same product as in example 1. When alkaline KMnO4 is treated with KI, iodide ion is oxidised to IO 3-. Of all the oxidizing agents discussed in organic chemistry textbooks, potassium permanganate, KMnO4, is probably the most common, and also the most applicable. Six. The small number after the element symbol is called the subscript and this tells us how many of that atom are in the compound. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. . Given 25 g of NaCl, how many moles do you have? mass of 1 atom / 1 atom = mass of a mole of atoms / 6.022 x 10 23 atoms. K2MnO4, Information About Potassium Permanganate and its Formula. The potassium cation is a spectator ion and generally does not react. 3 Add up all and assign unit as grams/mole. When this dissociates in water, the K separates from the Any alkali metal molecule has an oxidation number of (+1). If you have 0.00812 mol of H2CO3, how many molecules This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Problem #4: Suppose we knew that there were 8.170 x 10 20 atoms of O in an unknown sample of KMnO 4. common chemical compounds. How many atoms is in potassium? volume of the solution (in liters) by the concentration of the solution (20% or 0) Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. for elements that we know and use these to figure out oxidation number for Mn. volume of the solution (in liters) by the concentration of the solution: 0 L x You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Indications of a positive test: Thanks for the generous compliment. When a purple solution of the oxidizing agent KMnO4 is added to an alkene, the alkene is oxidized to a diol and the KMnO4 is converted to brown MnO2. If I gave a wrong answer, someone (you) might troll me and that looks bad on my permanganate (permanent) record. 9.23 x 1023 Au atoms = moles Au 125 g H3PO4 = molecules H3PO4 E. 0.75 moles CO2 = total atoms E. 0.75 moles CO2 = I total atoms This problem has been solved! Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. a. To complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert. 0.124 mol KMnO4 0.158 mol KMnO4 0.199 mol KMnO4 0.316 mol KMnO4 Get the answers you need, now! Potassium permanganate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids, such as the conversion of n-heptanal to heptanoic acid: 5 C6H13CHO + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 5 C6H13COOH + 3 H2O + K2SO4 + 2 MnSO. Solve each of the following problems using dimensional analysis (or another method). A: Calculation of molar mass of C8H9O4: The atomic mass of C = 12.010 g/mol The atomic mass of H = Q: How many carbon atoms are present in a mole of 12C? Although overoxidation is less of a problem with secondary alcohols, KMnO4 is still not considered generally well-suited for conversions of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. The oxidation state of manganese in this salt is +7. 55 grams of potassium equal to 1 mole of potassium, therefore, 1gram of potassium equals 155mole of potassium. Oxidation number of K +4 4 (oxidation number of oxygen) + oxidation . . (a) Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 0.0915 mol NaSO4 in enough water to form 550 mL of solution. 10e23 particles.---1 mol KMn04 3.67 x 10e23 particles-----x= Potassium Permanganate | KMnO4 | CID 516875 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . 6 How to calculate the molar mass of potassium dichromate? The small number after the element symbol is called the subscript and this tells us how many of that atom are in the compound. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Size and Color. (4x16 g/mol) = 158 g/mol. Potassium permanganate will not react with alkanes since they are saturated. The colour of KMnO4 is due to transitions of charge transfer by the absorption of visible light. The number of atoms for each element in the formula are calculated by looking at the subscripts and the coefficient on the polyatomic anion (SO4). Correct answer - What changes in color occur when bromine and kmno4 reacts with an alkene? Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because each carbon is bonded with as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Multiply in writing. ok, I will take your word for it Nauseated. It is, however, capable of further oxidizing the glycol with cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond, so careful control of the reaction conditions is necessary. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. The mass of glucose can be calculated by multiplying the 91024 hydrogen atoms . Again a number puzzle. If you have 1.6 x 1028 atoms of Zn, how much would it weigh? Previous. do you have? Potassium permanganate has the chemical formula KMnO4, where the "4" is a subscript below oxygen. If you have a 100 g sample of KMnO4, how many molecules of KMnO4are in the sample? 1024 E) 184. it gains 3 electrons. P = 2 atoms. What is the mass of 3.13 x 1021 atoms of KBr? Becker is pursuing a Bachelor of Science in microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics at the University of California-Los Angeles. How many grams of potassium permanganate KMnO4 are in 2.55 moles? Of course many on here do, so its not really definitive, its just a birds of a feather kind of relation. Given 125 g ofH2SO4, how many moles do you have? Describe the following movement: extension. The Mn atom participates in redox reactions, and it has an initial oxidation state of 7+. How many oygen atoms in 4.64 x 10-3 mol of Al(NO 3) 3? 3 How do you calculate potassium permanganate? The chemical formula of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) indicates that one mole of the compound contains four moles of O atoms. with water. Are you related to Sorasyn? Solution: It is a common oxidizing agent often used in titrations due to its color and redox potential. A cyclic manganese diester is an intermediate in these oxidations, which results in glycols formed by syn addition. Where is potassium found on Earth? permanganate, but the permanganate stays together as MnO4, Permanganate is an ion which has the formula of MnO4^-, MnO4 2- OR MnO4 -2(both are the same things, The oxidation number if Mn in the MnO4- ion is 7. We are NOT chemists, but Math nuts!!!!. It is used commercially primarily due to its color and oxidative potency. KMnO 4 acts as a very powerful oxidizing agent in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. However, if there is at least one hydrogen, the oxidation proceeds all the way to the carboxylic acid. How many molecules are in 74 grams of KI? Potassium permanganate is used as a wet dressing for wounds on your skins surface that are blistered or oozing pus. Why alkane cannot be oxidized with kmno4 solution? Under harsher conditions, the dione is cleaved to form two carboxylic acids. There is only one Ca atom.Finally, if you are asked to find the number of atoms in one mole, for example, the number of H atoms in one mole of H2O, you multiply the number of atoms by Avogadros number. 1022 D) 1.59. of the solution (in liters) by the concentration of the solution: 0 L x 0 mol/L = Pat.pat. Answer: The molar mass of KMnO4 is calculated by adding the atomic masses We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). The small number after the element symbol is called the subscript and this tells. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. In an alkaline medium, KMnO4 reacts as follows - 2KMnO4+2KOH2K2MnO4+H2O+O. 110 g 1 mole 6.02 x 1023 molecules = 4.7 x 1023 molecules 142 g 1 mole Try: Make the following mole conversions. And thus in a 15mol quantity there are approx. -2). mol/L = 0 mol. Given 4.91 x 10 22 formula units of CuSO 4, how many grams is this? . His work has appeared on sites such as eHow and LIVESTRONG.COM. A: . 1 Mn (Manganese) The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. (ex:!In!3H 2O,!the! Basketball requires quick starts and stops and quick changes in direction. Both the same number on the periodic table, you just need to change the units (g/mol -vs- amu) Given 12 g of aluminum, how many moles do you have? Loads of fun printable number and logic puzzles. 50 mL. Total number of atoms present in the formula = 3 + 2 + 8 = 13. Given 34 moles CF4 , how many grams would you have? How many milligrams would the unknown sample weigh? A typical human head weighs about 10 - 12 pounds. Alkanes and aromatic compounds do not react with potassium permanganate. c-What is the mass of 1.40x1020 atoms of calcium? How many sodium ions are in 3.0 moles of NaCl? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Instead it is found in various minerals such as sylvite, carnallite, langbeinite, and kainite. Oxidation of Organic Molecules by KMnO4 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. We write the oxidation number (O.N.) n-factor is defined as the number of H + ions replaced by 1 mole of acid in a reaction. In this case we have two H atoms so we multiply 2 x 6.02 x 10^23.This is how to find the number of atoms in Silver nitrate (AgNO3). See Answer Where should I start working out out of shape? Q: A Redox Titration Is Performed To Determine The Concentration Of A Potassium Permanganate Solution (KMnO4) Using Sodium Oxalate (Na2C20.) The xenon atom is central with the oxygen and fluorine atoms directly attached to . Because potassium reacts so readily with water, it is not found in its elemental form in nature. This site explains how to find molar mass. The deep purple color of potassium permanganate is caused by the movement of an electron to a vacant d-orbital in the manganese atom. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. KMnO4)(6.022 X 1023/1 mole Mn)(1 mole Mn atoms/6.022 X 1023) Solution for Sucrose has the molecular formula If a sucrose sample C12H22O11. The molecular formula for Potassium Permanganate is KMnO4. As a result, the total oxidation number of all atoms in KMnO4 equals zero. How many grams are in a molecule of KMnO4? There are 3N, 9H, 1P and 4O for a total of 17 per molecule. How many moles of oxygen atoms does this represent? 7.23 x 1024 Al atoms = grams Al C. 9.23 x 1023 Au atoms = moles Au D. 0.75 moles CO2 = _total atoms Show transcribed image text Expert Answer 100% (2 ratings) Transcribed image text: 3. atoms of Oxygen. = 2.55 x 158.0 = 403g, Equivalent weight of KMnO4 is equal with molar weight of KMnO4. Its chemical formula was discovered soon after. How to find the oxidation number for MN in KMnO4? Calculate the volume of 0 M HNO3 solution required to neutralize 25 mL of 0 M Given 0.345 mol of water, how many grams would you K2MnO4 - e +OH- --------- KMnO4 + KOH How many moles are in KMnO4? KMnO4 molecular weight Molar mass of KMnO4 = 158.033949 g/mol This compound is also known as Potassium Permanganate. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. . 1 mole is equal to 1 moles KMnO4, or 158.033949 grams. Its not that it would present a problem generally . What kind of compound is KMnO4 potassium permanganate? Convert grams KMnO4 to moles or moles KMnO4 to grams Molecular weight calculation: 39.0983 + 54.938049 + 15.9994*4 Percent composition by element Calculate the molecular weight of a chemical compound Enter a chemical formula: The reaction only works if there is at least one hydrogen attached to the carbon. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Answer: The mass of ethylene glycol needed can be calculated by multiplying the So, the equivalent weight of K M n O X 4 is molecular weight 5 Do a quick conversion: 1 grams KMnO4 = 0.0063277542979072 mole using the molecular weight calculator and the molar mass of KMnO4. How many atoms of potassium are in KMnO4? Potassium permanganate can help to treat both bacterial and fungal skin infections such as athletes foot and impetigo. Can alkanes be oxidised by KMnO4? . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How are the terms "molar mass" and "atomic mass" the same? The answer is 158.033949. 1 K ( Potassium ) 1 Mn (Manganese) 4 O ( Oxygen ) This is an ionic compound consisting of a +1 potassium cation and a -1 permanganate. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Therefore, alcohols will be oxidized to carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones), and aldehydes (and some ketones, as in (3) above) will be oxidized to carboxylic acids. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. volume of the HNO3 solution required can be calculated by dividing the number of moles by the concentration of the solution: 0 mol / 0 mol/L = 0 L or First, since the KMnO4 doesnt have an overall charge (like NO3- or H3O+) we could say that the total of the oxidation numbers for KMnO4 will be zero since it is a neutral compound. The crystal structure of solid KMnO4 is orthorhombic. Mass of KMnO4 You also have CDD. 1 CHE101 - Summary Chemistry: The Central Science, Dr. Yost - Exam 1 Lecture Notes - Chapter 18, 1.1 Functions and Continuity full solutions. Exercise's 1 No of moles of sodium atoms = 2x6- 75 = 13.5 No of modes of sulphur atoms = 1X6. Potassium permanganate, KMnO4, is a powerful oxidizing agent, and has many uses in organic chemistry. Posted one year ago. How many moles of HCl are present in 500 mL of 0 M HCl solution? We assume you are converting between grams KMnO4 and mole. compound is a strong oxidizing agent because the elements become more electronegative as the oxidation states of their atoms increase. The oxidation of alkyl side-chains to form benzoic acids was historically used in qualitative analysis to determine the positions of alkyl groups in substituted aromatic systems. The potassium ion in KMnO4 has a permanent oxidation state of 1+, and the oxygen atoms each have a permanent oxidation state of 2-. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Moles and the Conservation of Atoms: According to Dalton's atomic theory, each molecule is formed using a fixed proportion of certain. How many molecules are in 110g of diphosphorus pentoxide? b-How many atoms are there is 20.0 grams of calcium? Answer: The number of moles of HCl can be calculated by multiplying the volume 1 K ( Potassium ) The compound potassium permanganate has chemical formula 34 mol of Nacl = (2. Molecular weight of KMnO4=158.034 g/mol 2.50 X 158.034=395.085 Since molecular weight of Oxygen=15.9994g/mol, therefore, 395.085/15.9994=24.694 moles of Oxygen. In other words, the mole fraction of O is 1/6, the mole fraction of Mn is 1/6, and the mole fraction of O is 2/3. 5. So, n-factor= 3. 0.166 M Answer to correct significant figures XM (b) How many moles of KMnO4 are present in 25.0 mL of a 0.0850 M solution? Rhein, the third PLUSIS, and prevention of. In this case we would have two N atoms and six O atoms. a) Describe how a basketball game will be affected by the decreased friction on the Moon. More. Gold = 196.97 g/mol Copper = 63.55 g/mol Molar Mass = Mass of 1 mol (6.02 x 10 23) of a substance (g/mol) Atomic Mass = Mass of 1 atom (amu) How are the terms "molar mass" and "atomic mass" the same? 34 x 6 - 02 2x1023 ) Formula we Is = 1 408 x102 Formula units 3) gn 1 mol Nars, there as one . In this case we would have two N atoms and six O atoms. To find the total number of atoms in KMnO4 (Potassium permanganate) well add up the number of each type of atom. The potassium ion in KMnO4 has a permanent oxidation state of 1+, and the oxygen atoms each have a permanent oxidation state of 2-. Calculate the mass of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) needed to prepare 500 mL of a 20% The formula indicates that there is 1 mole K, 1 mole Mn, and 4 moles O per mole of KMnO4. When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. If you have 7.46 x 1023 molecules of KNO3, how many moles do you have? { Oxidation_of_Organic_Molecules_by_KMnO4 : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Addition_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Chan_Rearrangement : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Elimination_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Free_Radical_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Introduction_to_Bioconjugation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Keck_Asymmetric_Allylation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Named_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Organic_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Oxidation_and_Reduction_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Pericyclic_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reaction_Fundamentals : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactivity : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactivity_of_Alpha_Hydrogens : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Rearrangement_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Substitution_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Zimmerman-Traxler_Model" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2FSupplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)%2FReactions%2FOxidation_and_Reduction_Reactions%2FOxidation_of_Organic_Molecules_by_KMnO4, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), The half-reaction and oxidation potential, General Reactivity with Organic Molecules, Reactions with Specific Functional Groups, http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/pdf/alter/chapt_5.pdf, http://www.masterorganicchemistry.coboxylic-acids/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Carbon atoms with weak C-H bonds, such as, C-H bonds in the alpha-positions of substituted, C-H bonds in carbon atoms containing C-O bonds, including, Carbons with exceptionally weak C-C bonds such as, C-C bonds next to an aromatic ring AND an oxygen, Aliphatic carbons (except those alpha to an aromatic ring, as above), Aromatic carbons (except phenol, as above), Carbons without a C-H bond, except as in (3) above, Abiko, Atsushi; Roberts, John C.; Takemasa, Toshiro; Masamune, Satoru, Tetrahedron Letters (1986), 27(38), 4537-40.