Many came from the region of the Cvennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozre. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. Isaac and Esther's first three children were born in Mannheim between the years 1668 and 1673. Manifesto, (or Declaration of Principles), of the French Protestant Church of London, Founded by Charter of Edward VI. Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huguenots&oldid=1142115187. Past and current members have joined the Huguenot Society of America by right of descent from the following Huguenot ancestors who qualify under the constitution of the Society. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreuische Infantry Regiments No. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. Services are still held there in French according to the Reformed tradition every Sunday at 3pm. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'glise franaise la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) who were involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential and zealously Catholic House of Guise. In 1840 there were 10 Hubert families living in Louisiana. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French crown. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. Research genealogy for Franklin (Frank) L. Haas of Richland, Fountain, Indiana, as well as other members of the Haas family, on Ancestry. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. . [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. 1609 Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). The first Mennonite immigrants bearing this name came to PA in the first half of the 18th century. Thousands of Huguenots were in Paris celebrating the marriage of Henry of Navarre to Marguerite de Valois on Saint Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1572. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. Research genealogy for Thomas Russell of Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. In the south, towns like Castres, Montauban, Montpellier and Nimes were Huguenot strongholds. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. [56], Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sret ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. Some of the earliest to arrive in Australia held prominent positions in English society, notably, Others who came later were from poorer families, migrating from England in the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape the poverty of. And lastly, many surnames common in the larger cities of South Holland were the Dutch versions of French and German surnames. [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. [61], Article 4 of 26 June 1889 Nationality Law stated: "Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of 15 December 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. [91][92] The immigrants included many skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs who facilitated the economic modernisation of their new home, in an era when economic innovations were transferred by people rather than through printed works. It moved to Rochester in 1959, and now provides sheltered homes for fifty-five residents. This action would have fostered relations with the Swiss. The Portuguese threatened their Protestant prisoners with death if they did not convert to Roman Catholicism. The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. German who had married an American girl, the daughter of a man from Avignon and a woman of Franche Comt6. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground",[102] is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until the first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe. The practice has continued to the present day. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. In addition, a dense network of Protestant villages permeated the rural mountainous region of the Cevennes. ", Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696-1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of Bourbon and Guise, both of whichin addition to holding rival religious viewsstaked a claim to the French throne. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. QC, in 1761. ", Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Cond. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. In Paris the spirit was called le moine bourr; at Orlans, le mulet odet; at Blois le loup garon; at Tours, le Roy Huguet; and so on in other places. By 1700 one fifth of the city's population was French-speaking. In 1825, this privilege was reduced to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former chantry chapel of the Black Prince. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. The Huguenots. In 1685, Rev. The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. Huguenot Trails. But it was not until 31 December 1687 that the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. Their names were Bevier, Hasbrouck, DuBois, Deyo, LeFever, and others. By 1707 400 refugee Huguenot families had settled in Scotland. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the Avignon Papacy, for example) by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Page 363. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. gt. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. English: topographic name for someone who lived by a grove or thicket from Middle English grove Old English grf or a habitational name from any of various places so named. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing massacres were Aix, Bordeaux, Bourges, Lyons, Meaux, Orlans, Rouen, Toulouse, and Troyes.[47]. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. They organised their first national synod in 1558 in Paris.[40]. Those Huguenots who stayed in France were subsequently forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and were called "new converts". [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. [16][17], The new teaching of John Calvin attracted sizeable portions of the nobility and urban bourgeoisie. Two years later, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.[4]. [28] They were suppressed by Francis I in 1545 in the Massacre of Mrindol. Indeed, some of the Pettit names from the city of Metz and the other French provinces (dpartements) near the borders with Switzerland and Germany were Huguenots (Fr. The Protestant Reformation began by Martin Luther in Germany . [80] In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France. Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. [79], The Huguenots originally spoke French on their arrival in the American colonies, but after two or three generations, they had switched to English. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. Konstanze Dahn (real name Constanze Le Gaye) (1814-1894), German actress. [16] This is true for many areas in the west and south controlled by the Huguenot nobility. Several picture galleries can be viewed online, including Huguenot trades [Hugenottisches . As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. During the second wave, before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, refugees came mostly from the Dauphin, Cvennes and Languedoc regions; the major route of exodus was the passage from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. Devoted to the history, biography, genealogy, poetry, folk-lore and general interests of the Pennsylvania Germans and their descendants. Gt. Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after travelling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Page 449. The Manakintown Episcopal Church in Midlothian, Virginia serves as a National Huguenot Memorial. [71] But with assimilation, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language. Many settlers in Russia were French, or came from French-speaking areas of Europe. The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. [100] In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. Ultimately, whatever the roots, the meaning of the term . Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from Parlementary measures seeking to exterminate them. [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. [66], A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Most Cordes families in the United States come from Germany but many of them have family histories that claim French or Spanish origins. The Huguenot Society of America maintains the Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. D.J.B. . After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. Some remained, practicing their Faith in secret. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? The French Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage, and the outpost was abandoned. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured some of the Huguenots. The Huguenots were French Calvinists, active mostly in the sixteenth century. It used a derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally 'housemates'), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse ('Confederate' in the sense of 'a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy').[5]. The Huguenots are generally well-documented and it is often possible to trace them to their French home town. [112] Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Research genealogy for Alma Levi Russell Russell, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. If you contact us without visiting the Museum the charge is 35 for up to two hours research, though we will discuss the likelihood of Huguenot ancestry with you, before taking your payment. Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and French Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. ", Michael Green, "Bridging the English Channel: Huguenots in the educational milieu of the English upper class.". [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. Many Walloon and Huguenot families were granted asylum there. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. [87] London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. autumn snoop says 8 March 2017 at 12:22 am. Several congregations were founded throughout Germany and Scandinavia, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. Winston Churchill was the most prominent Briton of Huguenot descent, deriving from the Huguenots who went to the colonies; his American grandfather was Leonard Jerome. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. Trim, . In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. Dictionary of American Family . O. I. In the early 1700s, the Palatines , refugees from modern-day Germany, also came here. . Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . [35] The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August, 1572, when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centres of power in southern France. Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. Today I'm compiling a book titled, A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME: The changing fortunes of the Petit Family. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation.